Tower crane or tower crane is a type of hydroelectric structure that is used to guide and transfer multi-ton loads at heights in construction projects. This structure is in the shape of an inverted T or L letter, it has a fixed mast and a movable boom or arm that is connected to the fixed part. This arm can rotate 360 degrees around the center of its connection with the mast. The support point of the mast is usually built in the foundation of the building. Some tower cranes are also mobile.
A look at Towercrane's history
The history of using equipment like tower cranes goes back thousands of years in areas like East Asia, Greece and Egypt. At that time, these equipments were mainly made of wood or metals. But it may be interesting or painful to know that about 400 years ago, Thomas Derrick, an English executioner, created an alternative structure to the old gallows, which became known as the Derrick. In an early form it is today's tower crane. A wooden structure equipped with a hoist and a pulley, which consisted of a rotating base and a canvas.
In one, later he entered the construction industry. Until the end of the 19th century, the same device was used to transfer loads to heights in construction projects. At this time, as the cities became denser, transportation became more difficult. A limitation that led to the invention of a device called a Gantry with suspended beams and a handwheel. Finally, in 1949, when the reconstruction of European cities was underway after World War II, the German engineer Hans Liebherr invented a device similar to today's tower cranes with a hydraulic-mechanical mechanism. A product that was gradually modified, especially in the 1970s, and became its current form.
The role of tower crane operator or driver
Most tower cranes have a control center or a central cabin where the operator, operator or driver of this device sits. This job requires expertise and obtaining the necessary documents from the relevant organizations in each country. The operator is responsible for guiding the arm in different angles. For this job, he has dealt with electronic systems and every day he has to make sure that the engine, cables and systems are working correctly.
What is the use of tower crane?
The most important application of tower crane in construction projects is related to the transportation and handling of materials, other machinery and equipment. This movement is mainly vertical, but in some cases, this product is also used to move the load horizontally at the project level. Iron beam, concrete blocks, engine and generator are among the most important materials and devices that are moved in this order.
Introduction of the constituent components of tavkerin
Support or base of the crane
The support (Base Support) acts as a base for the entire equipment of a fixed tower crane. This part is usually connected to the ground by pouring concrete. In some cases, they use steel chassis or a network of steel beams to fix it. This part is usually built at a height of several meters from the ground and you have to use a staircase to reach it. It is called tavar or musk. The accessible height of the crane depends on the height of this steel structure with a mesh body. The network structure contributes to the greater strength of this part. The tower itself includes the following parts: - The hook that goes up and down along the length of the tower by a pulley or block. - Balance weights that help maintain the balance of the tower and are generally made of reinforced concrete. or made of steel.
- Turntable which is located at the end of the mast and moves the arm with its rotation.
- Cat Head which is attached to the end of the mast after passing It is said from the arm. From this section, the restraining ropes are stretched towards the arm of the tower crane. These ropes maintain the arm's weight balance.
Towercrane arm
Towercrane's horizontal column that is connected to the mast is called boom or boom. This part can rotate and pick up the load from the point of origin and drop it at the point of destination. Canvases are usually conical, meaning their diameter decreases from the beginning to the end. They have different mechanisms such as telescopic or fixed. On the arm, a hook or a number of wheeled cabins are installed, which can move forward and backward along it and move the load.
Tower crane cabin
The driver or operator sits in the cabin of each tower crane and moves along the mast. In the cabin, we see equipment such as computers, electronic equipment, overload switches, joysticks, etc. This part usually has a window.
Counterweight arm
The extended part of the tower crane arm is called counterweight arm or Counterweight Jib. The part that acts as a balancer for the main arm and is thicker than that; But it is shorter. This part is connected to the sugar head with restraining cables.